See grúfa on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "grúfu",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "is-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grúfa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grúfan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grúfu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grúfuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grúfu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grúfunni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grúfu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grúfunnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "@@"
},
"expansion": "grúfa f (genitive singular grúfu, no plural)",
"name": "is-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f.sg"
},
"name": "is-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 3 47 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 3 46 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 2 48 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to lie face-down",
"translation": "to lie face-down",
"word": "liggja á grúfu"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used in set phrases"
],
"id": "en-grúfa-is-noun-5Ld2Hu2d",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"no-plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkruːva/"
}
],
"word": "grúfa"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "non",
"3": "grúfa",
"4": "",
"5": "to grovel"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse grúfa (“to grovel”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse grúfa (“to grovel”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grúfði",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grúft",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "grúfað",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"10": "grúft",
"11": "or",
"12": "grúfað",
"2": "verb",
"3": "weak verb",
"4": "",
"5": "third-person singular past indicative",
"6": "grúfði",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{22}}}",
"9": "supine",
"cat2": "weak verbs",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "grúfa (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative grúfði, supine grúft or grúfað)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grúfði",
"2": "grúft",
"33": "grúfað"
},
"expansion": "grúfa (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative grúfði, supine grúft or grúfað)",
"name": "is-verb-weak"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "to crouch down",
"translation": "to crouch down",
"word": "grúfa sig niður"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to grovel"
],
"id": "en-grúfa-is-verb-u3jGOaql",
"links": [
[
"grovel",
"grovel"
]
],
"tags": [
"weak"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkruːva/"
}
],
"word": "grúfa"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kreupaną",
"3": "",
"4": "to twist, creep"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kreupaną (“to twist, creep”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Proto-Germanic *kreupaną (“to twist, creep”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"10": "{{{dative}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{3}}}",
"13": "or",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{ap}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{2}}}",
"5": "or",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{datacc}}}",
"9": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "grúfa f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "grúfa f",
"name": "non-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 3 47 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 3 46 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 2 48 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to lie face down, on one's belly",
"translation": "to lie face down, on one's belly",
"word": "liggja á grúfu"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used in set phrases"
],
"id": "en-grúfa-non-noun-5Ld2Hu2d",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "grúfa"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "grúfa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kreupaną",
"3": "",
"4": "to twist, creep"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kreupaną (“to twist, creep”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Proto-Germanic *kreupaną (“to twist, creep”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"10": "{{{ppast2}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{ppast3}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pp2}}}",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{spast2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{2}}}",
"9": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "grúfa",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "grúfa",
"name": "non-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to grovel, to cower or crouch down"
],
"id": "en-grúfa-non-verb-HCSuNcfj",
"links": [
[
"grovel",
"grovel"
],
[
"cower",
"cower"
],
[
"crouch",
"crouch"
]
]
}
],
"word": "grúfa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"Icelandic feminine nouns",
"Icelandic lemmas",
"Icelandic nouns",
"Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse",
"Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Icelandic uncountable nouns",
"Icelandic verbs",
"Icelandic weak verbs",
"Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Norse feminine nouns",
"Old Norse lemmas",
"Old Norse nouns",
"Old Norse verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to lie face-down",
"translation": "to lie face-down",
"word": "liggja á grúfu"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "grúfu",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "is-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "grúfa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grúfan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grúfu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grúfuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grúfu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grúfunni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grúfu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grúfunnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "@@"
},
"expansion": "grúfa f (genitive singular grúfu, no plural)",
"name": "is-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f.sg"
},
"name": "is-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"used in set phrases"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"no-plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkruːva/"
}
],
"word": "grúfa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"Icelandic lemmas",
"Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse",
"Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Icelandic verbs",
"Icelandic weak verbs",
"Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Norse feminine nouns",
"Old Norse lemmas",
"Old Norse nouns",
"Old Norse verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to crouch down",
"translation": "to crouch down",
"word": "grúfa sig niður"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "non",
"3": "grúfa",
"4": "",
"5": "to grovel"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse grúfa (“to grovel”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse grúfa (“to grovel”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grúfði",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grúft",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "grúfað",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"10": "grúft",
"11": "or",
"12": "grúfað",
"2": "verb",
"3": "weak verb",
"4": "",
"5": "third-person singular past indicative",
"6": "grúfði",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{22}}}",
"9": "supine",
"cat2": "weak verbs",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "grúfa (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative grúfði, supine grúft or grúfað)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grúfði",
"2": "grúft",
"33": "grúfað"
},
"expansion": "grúfa (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative grúfði, supine grúft or grúfað)",
"name": "is-verb-weak"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to grovel"
],
"links": [
[
"grovel",
"grovel"
]
],
"tags": [
"weak"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkruːva/"
}
],
"word": "grúfa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Norse feminine nouns",
"Old Norse lemmas",
"Old Norse nouns",
"Old Norse verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to lie face down, on one's belly",
"translation": "to lie face down, on one's belly",
"word": "liggja á grúfu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kreupaną",
"3": "",
"4": "to twist, creep"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kreupaną (“to twist, creep”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Proto-Germanic *kreupaną (“to twist, creep”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"10": "{{{dative}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{3}}}",
"13": "or",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{ap}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{2}}}",
"5": "or",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{datacc}}}",
"9": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "grúfa f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "grúfa f",
"name": "non-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"used in set phrases"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "grúfa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Norse feminine nouns",
"Old Norse lemmas",
"Old Norse nouns",
"Old Norse verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "grúfa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kreupaną",
"3": "",
"4": "to twist, creep"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kreupaną (“to twist, creep”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Proto-Germanic *kreupaną (“to twist, creep”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"10": "{{{ppast2}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{ppast3}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pp2}}}",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{spast2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{2}}}",
"9": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "grúfa",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "grúfa",
"name": "non-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to grovel, to cower or crouch down"
],
"links": [
[
"grovel",
"grovel"
],
[
"cower",
"cower"
],
[
"crouch",
"crouch"
]
]
}
],
"word": "grúfa"
}
Download raw JSONL data for grúfa meaning in All languages combined (5.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.